Photoelectric effects and it's applications

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This is comprehensive information and in simple understanding way .If  any thing gets miss please comment it thank you.🙏

⚡  What is photoelectric effect?  ⚡

The effect of ejection of electrons from the metal surfaces when an amount of frequency hit the metal surfaces greater than its Theshold frequency.🧐

{  Theshold Frequency :-The amount of frequency requied to remove the electron from effect of internal forces is known as theshold frequency.}

few extra points:-

• ⚡The photoelectic effect could be most often in the alkali metals and alkali earth metals.[alkali metals are Ia group and alkali earth metals are IIA group in modern periodic table.]⚡
• 🤗Frequency is directly proportional to Energy.(so we can assume that amount of frequency as amount of energy applied)
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👩‍🔬Great scientist who involved in its development:-👨‍🔬

• Albert Einstein 

Albert Einstein was the person who resonablely gave a proper explanation for photo electric effect .For which he got noble prize too.That were:-

• when as Photoelectric Effect duality time for Ejection of electron surface takes place when a photon of energy greater the the threshold ener strikes an electroni the atom.
• When photon of sufficient energy strikes an electron in the atom of the metal, it transfers its energy instantaneously to the electron during the collision and the electron is ejected without any time lag or delay. 
• Greater the energy possessed by the photon, greater will be the transfer of energy to the electron and greater the kinetic energy of the ejected electron.
•  When a photon strikes the surface of the metal, the energy (hv) of the photon is absorbed by the electron in the metal and a part of this energy is used to set free the electron from the attractive forces in the metal. The remaining energy of the photon appears in the form of the kinetic energy of the released electron. Thus we can write hy = W+ K.E where, hv=Energy of the photon

W = energy required to overcome the attractive forces on the electron in the metal. Also called work function.

KE - Kinetic energy of emitted electron.

therefore,

          hv=hv_o+1/2 m_ev² 

          

m- mass of electron : V-velocity of ejected electron;

v_o - Threshold frequency

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Application of photoelectric effect:-

here are some example.There is also explanation down:

1. PHOTOCELL   [which is used in convertion of light or photon to electricity]
2. PHOTOMULTIPLER [photomultipliers are used to amplify electrons through aseries of dyonodes]
3. PHOTOTUBE[a phototube is a device that controls a flow of electronsby means of fluctuations of light or at different wave lengths.Application of phototubes are
   • spectrophotometry
   • blood analysis
   • pollution analysis
   ]
4. LIGHT METER
5. PHOTO DIODES 
6. PHOTOTRANSISTORS
7. PHOTO COPIES
8. ELECTRIC EYE
9. SOLAR PANELS
10. Scintillators : A scintillator is a device that emit light when it attracts radiation from either source in the lab or a cosmic sources

Scintillators